Questões de Inglês (ENEM)

The Road Not Taken (by Robert Frost) Two roads diverged in a wood, and I – I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference. Disponível em: www.poetryfoundation.org. Acesso em: 29 nov. 2011 (fragmento). Estes são os versos finais do famoso poema The Road Not Taken, do poeta americano Robert Frost. Levando–se em consideração que a vida é comumente metaforizada como uma viagem, esses versos indicam que o autor

A Tall Order The Sky isn't the limit for an architect building the world's first invisible skyscraper.

Charles Wee, one of the world's leading high–rise architects, has a confession to make: he's bored with skyscrapers. After designing more than 30, most of which punctuate the skylines of rapidly expanding Asian cities, he has struck upon a novel concept: the first invisible skyscraper. As the tallest structure in South Kora, his infinity Tower will loom over Seoul until somebody pushes a button and it completely disappears. When he entered a 2004 competition to desing a landmark tower, the Korean–American architect rejected the notion of competing with Dubai, Toronto, and Shangai to reach the summit of man–made summits. “I thought, let's not jump into this stupid race to build another “tallest" tower, he says in a phone conversation. “Let's take an opposite approach – let's make an anti–tower. The result will be a 150–story building that fades from view at the flick of a switch. The tower will effectively function as an enormous television screen, being able to project an exact replica of whatever is happening behind it onto its façade. To the human eye, the building will appear to have melted away. It will be the most extraordinary achievement of Wee's stellar architectural career. After graduating from UCLA, he worked under Anthony Lumsden, a prolific Californian architect who helped devise the modern technique of wrapping buildings inside smooth glass skins. HINES, N. Disponível em: http://mag.newsweek.com. Acesso em 13 out 2013 (adaptado). No título e no subtítulo desse texto, as expressões A Tall Order e The sky isn't the limit são usadas para apresentar uma matéria cujo tema é

If You Can't Master English, Try Globish PARIS – It happens all the time: during an airport delay the man to the left, a Korean perhaps, starts talking to the man opposite, who might be Colombian, and soon they are chatting away in what seems to be English. But the native English speaker sitting between them cannot understand a word. They don't know it, but the Korean and the Colombian are speaking Globish, the latest addition to the 6,800 languages that are said to be spoken across the world. Not that is inventor, Jean–Paul Nerrière, considers it a proper language.. “It is not a language, it is a tool," he says. “A language is the vehicle of a culture. Gobish doesn't want to be that all. It is a means of communication." Nerrière doesn't see Globish in the same light as utopian efforts such as Kosmos, Volapuk, Novial or staunch Esperanto. Nor should it be confused with barbaric Algol (for Algorithmic language). It is a sort of English lite: a means of simplifying the language and giving it rules so it can be understood by all. BLUME, M. Disponível em www.nytimes.com. Acesso em 28 out 2013 (fragmento). Considerando as ideias apresentadas no texto, o Globish (Global English) é uma variedade da língua inglesa que

Tennesse Mountain Properties Descri ption Own a renovated house for less than $290 per monthwifill New windows, siding, flooring (laminate throughout and tile in entry way and bathroom), kitchen cabinets, counter top, back door, fresh paint and laundry on main floor. Heat billsare very low due to a good solid house and an energy efficient furnace. Disponível em: www.freerealestaeads.net . Acesso em: 30 nov. 2011(adaptado). Em jornais, há diversos anúncios que servem aos leitores. O conteúdo do anúncio veiculado por este texto interessará a alguém que esteja procurando

Turning Brown A four-year-old boy was eating an apple in the back seat of the car, when he asked, "Daddy, why is my apple turning brown?" "Because," his dad explained, "after you ate the skin off, the meat of the apple carne into contact with the air, which caused it to oxidize, thus changing the molecular structure and turning it into a different color." There was a long silence. Then the son asked softly, "Daddy, are you talking to me?"

Disponível em: http://hayspost.com. Acesso em: 10 nov. 2011 Considerando os participantes da conversa nessa piada, nota-se que o efeito de humor é obtido em função

Land of all peoples Paraná has approximately 10 million inhabitants. R is the 6th most populous state, with 5.6% of the total Brazilian population and 38% of the population of the southern region. Its demographic density is 47.98 inhabitants per km2. A melting pot of several ethnic groups, Paraná is known as the "'and of all peoples". The state has welcomed immigrants from the most diverse parts of the world: Poles, Italians, Ukrainians, Japanese, Germans, Spaniards, Dutchmen, Frenchmen, Syrians, Lebanese, Englishmen and Israelis. They have contributed to the state's social and cultural structure, substantially influencing its everyday language, its oral and written literature, its religious celebrations, its cooking habits and many other social activities. To this day, that rich ethnic variety is carefully preserved and even developed further, giving Paraná a rather unique human typology. SECRETARIA DE ESTADO DA INDÚSTRIA, DO COMÉRCIO E ASSUNTOS DO MERCOSUL. Paraná, a state of opportunity. No trecho extraído de um catálogo informativo sobre o Estado do Paraná, percebe-se que seus autores têm a intenção de

I read a study that measured the efficiency of locomotion for various species on the planet. The condor used the least energy to move a kilometer. Humans carne in with a rather unimpressive showing about a third of the way down the list ... That didn't look so good, but then someone at Scientific American had the insight to test the efficiency of locomotion for a man on a bicycle. And a man on a bicycle blew the condor away. That's what a computer is to me: the computer is the most remarkable tool that we've ever come up with. It's the equivalent of a bicycle for our minds. JOBS, S. Disponível em: www.msnbc.msn.com. Acesso em: 28 fev. 2012 (adaptado). Ao abordar o deslocamento de várias espécies, com base em um estudo que leu, Steve Jobs apresenta o computador como uma ferramenta que

Languages and cultures use non-verbal communication which conveys meaning. Although many gestures are similar in Thai and English such as nodding for affirmation many others are not shared. A good example of this is the ubiquitous "Thai smile". The "smile" carries a far wider range of meanings in Thai than it does in English culture. This can sometimes lead to serious communication breakdowns between Thais and English speakers. An example from my own early experience in Thailand illustrates the point. When confronting the Thai owner of a language school with administrative problems, complaints regarding student numbers in the class were met by a beaming smile and

little else. I took this to mean lack of concern or an attempt to trivialise or ignore the problem. I left the discussion upset and angry by what appeared to be the owner's offhand attitude to my problems. It was only later when another native speaking English teacher, with considerably more experience of Thailand, explained that a smile meant an apology and the fact that the following day all my complaints had been addressed, that I fully understood the situation. Disponível em: www.spring.org.uk. Acesso em: 11 jul. 2011 (fragmento). Viver em um país estrangeiro pode ser uma experiência enriquecedora, embora possa também ser um desafio, pelo choque cultural. A experiência relatada pelo autor do texto revela diferentes atribuições de sentido a um determinado comportamento, mostrando que naquela situação o sorriso indicava um(a)

Slow Food Slow Food describes a movement created "to counteract fast food and fast life, the disappearance of local food traditions and people's dwindling interest in the food they eat, where it comes from, how it tastes and how our food choices affect the rest of the world," according to the movement's website. More broadly, it involves an emphasis on local and seasonal produce and an adherence to regional cultures. Its goals also include lobbying against the use of pesticides and genetic engineering of food. Disponível em: www.ecomii.com. Acesso em: 30 set. 2011 O objetivo do movimento Slow food é

Masters of War Como you masters of war You that build all the guns You that build the death planes You that build the death planes You that build all the bombs You that build hide behind walls You that build hide behind desks I just want you to know I can see through your masks. You that never done nothing But build to destroy You play with my world Like it's your little toy You put a gun in my hand And you hide from my eyes And you turn and run farther When the fast bullets fly. Like Judas of old You lie and deceive A world war can be won You want me to believe But I see through your eyes And I see through your brain Like I see through the water That runs down my drain. BOB DYLAN. The Freewheelin'Bob Dylan. Nova York: Columbia Records, 1963 (fragmento). Na letra da canção Masters of War, há questionamentos e reflexões que aparecem na forma de protesto contra

Implementar políticas adequadas de alimentação e nutrição é uma meta prioritária em vários países do mundo. A partir da campanha If you can "t read it, why eat it?, os leitores são alertados para o perigo de

Vogue Magazine’s Complicated Relationship with Diversity Edward Enninful, the new editor-in-chief of British Vogue, has a proven history of addressing diversity that many hope will be the start of an overhaul of the global Vogue brand. In March, he responded sublimely when US President Donald Trump nominated Supreme Court judge Neil Gorsuch, who allegedly does not care much about civil rights: Enninful styled ashoot for his then employer, the New York-based W magazine, in which a range of ethnically diverse models climb the stairs of an imaginary "Supreme Court". In February, after Trump initiated the much-debated immigration ban, Enninful put together a video showcasing thevarious fashion celebrities who have immigrated into the US. Even before his first official dayin Vogue’s Mayfair offices, Enninful had hired two English superstars of Jamaican descent in anattempt to diversify the team. Model Naomi Campbell and make-up artist Pat McGrath bothshare Enninful’s aim of championing fashion as a force for social change. One can only hope that Enninful’s appointment is not a mere blip, but a move in the rightdirection on a long road to diversity for the global brand. Disponível em: www.independent.co.uk. Acesso em: 11 ago. 2017 (adaptado). Considerando-se as características dos trabalhos realizados pelo novo editor-chefe da Vogue inglesa, espera-se que a revista contribua para a

Exterior: Between The Museums — Day CELINE Americans always think Europe is perfect. But such beauty and history can be really oppressive. It reduces the individual to nothing. It just reminds you all the time you are just a little speck in a long history, where in America you feel like you could be making history. That’s why I like Los Angeles because it is so... JESSE Ugly? CELINE No, I was going to say “neutral”. It’s like looking at a blank canvas. I think people go to places like Venice on their honeymoon to make sure they are not going to fight for the first two weeks of their marriage because they’ll be too busy looking around at all the beautiful things. That’s what people call a romantic place — somewhere where the prettiness will contain your primary violent instinct. A real good honeymoon spot would be like somewhere in New Jersey. KRIZAN, K.; LINKLATER, R. Before Sunrise: screenplay. New York: Vintage Books, 2005. Considerando-se o olhar dos personagens, esse trecho do roteiro de um filme permite reconhecer que a avaliação sobre um lugar depende do(a)

Women in Theatre: Why Do So Few Make It to the Top? An all-female Julius Caesar (A Shakespeare play) has just hit the stage, but it's a rarity intheatre. In a special report, Charlotte Higgins asks leading figures why women are stillunderrepresented at every level of the business — and what needs to change. HIGGINS, C. Disponível em: www.guardian.co.uk. Acesso em: 12 dez. 2012. O vocábulo “rarity” tem um papel central na abordagem do assunto desse texto, que destaca a

A Mother in a Refugee Camp No Madonna and Child could touch Her tenderness for a son She soon would have to forget... The air was heavy with odors of diarrhea, Of unwashed children with washed-out ribs And dried-up bottoms waddling in labored steps Behind blown-empty bellies. Other mothers there Had long ceased to care, but not this one: She held a ghost-smile between her teeth, and in her eyes the memory Of a mother’s pride... She had bathed him And rubbed him down with bare palms. She took from their bundle of possessions A broken comb and combed The rust-colored hair left on his skull And then — humming in her eyes — began carefully [to part it. In their former life this was perhaps A little daily act of no consequence Before his breakfast and school; now she did it Like putting flowers on a tiny grave. ACHEBE, C. Collected Poems. New York: Anchor Books, 2004. O escritor nigeriano Chinua Achebe traz uma reflexão sobre a situação dos refugiados em um cenário pós-guerra civil em seu país. Essa reflexão é construída no poema por meio da representação de uma mãe, explorando a(s)

GOAL GOAL has worked to improve access to food for highly vulnerable and food-insecure households in many districts of Zimbabwe. We identify such households, supply them with monthly food rations, and conduct monthly post-distribution monitoring. GOAL works in the same districts, to improve access to food for the most vulnerable primary school children during the peak hungry months. The emphasis is on orphans and vulnerable children. GOAL provides short-term food security support to other vulnerable households by increasing the availability of grain, and by helping enhance their ability to meet basic needs. Disponível em: www.goal.ie. Acesso em: 5 dez. 2012 (adaptado).

Tendo como público-alvo crianças órfãs e em situações de vulnerabilidade, a organização nãogovernamental GOAL tem atuado no Zimbábue para

Finally, Aisha finished with her customer and asked what colour Ifemelu wanted for her hair attachments. “Colour four.” “Not good colour,” Aisha said promptly. “That’s what I use.” “It look dirty. You don’t want colour one?” “Colour one is too black, it looks fake,” Ifemelu said, loosening her headwrap. “Sometimes I use colour two, but colour four is closest to my natural colour.” [...] She touched Ifemelu’s hair. “Why you don’t have relaxer?” “I like my hair the way God made it.” “But how you comb it? Hard to comb,” Aisha said. Ifemelu had brought her own comb. She gently combed her hair, dense, soft and tightly coiled, until it framed her head like a halo. “It’s not hard to comb if you moisturize it properly,” she said, slipping into the coaxing tone of the proselytizer that she used whenever she was trying to convince other black women about the merits of wearing their hair natural. Aisha

snorted; she clearly could not understand why anybody would choose to suffer through combing natural hair, instead of simply relaxing it. She sectioned out Ifemelu’s hair, plucked a little attachment from the pile on the table and began deftly to twist. ADICHIE, C. Americanah: A novel. New York: Anchor Books, 2013. A passagem do romance da escritora nigeriana traz um diálogo entre duas mulheres negras: a cabeleireira, Aisha, e a cliente, Ifemelu. O posicionamento da cliente é sustentado por argumentos que

If Women Had Their Own Currency, Here’s What It Would Be Worth Charlotte Alter @charlottealter Maya Rhodan @m_rhodan July 31, 2014 After a little girl asked President Obama why there aren’t any women on U.S. currency, he said that adding some female faces to our cash sounded like a "pretty good idea". Almost immediately, all of our fantasies came alive on the web. What would, let’s say, Ruth Bader Ginsburg look like on a $20 bill? Where would we spend our Beyoncé $10 bill first? Will our grandmas give us a Susan B. Anthony $5 bill on our birthdays and tell us not to spend it all at once? But then we remembered: because of the wage gap, a dollar for a woman is not the same as a dollar for a man. Although the true extent of the gender pay gap is widely disputed even among feminists, President Obama said in the 2014 State of the Union that women make only77¢ for every dollar a man makes. Disponível em: http://time.com. Acesso em: 18 ago. 2014 (adaptado).

Nas notas e moedas de dólar norte-americano, estão estampados apenas bustos de homens.Ao imaginar a possibilidade de inclusão de figuras célebres femininas às notas, o autor dotexto indica que

Becoming

Back in the ancestral homeland of Michelle Obama, black women were rarely granted the honorific Miss or Mrs., but were addressed by their first name, or simply as “gal” or “auntie” or worse. This so openly demeaned them that many black women, long after they had left the South, refused to answer if called by their first name. A mother and father in 1970s Texas named their newborn “Miss” so that white people would have no choice but to address their daughter by that title. Black women were meant for the field or the kitchen, or for use as they saw fit. They were, by definition, not ladies. The very idea of a black woman as first lady of the land, well, that would have been unthinkable. Disponível em: www.nytimes.com. Acesso em: 28 dez. 2018 (adaptado). A crítica do livro de memórias de Michelle Obama, ex-primeira-dama dos EUA, aborda a história das relações humanas na cidade natal da autora. Nesse contexto, o uso do vocábulo “unthinkable” ressalta que

A Minor Bird

I have wished a bird would fly away, And not sing by my house all day; Have clapped my hands at him from the door When it seemed as if I could bear no more. The fault must partly have been in me. The bird was not to blame for his key. And of course there must be something wrong In wanting to silence any song. FROST, R. West-running Brook. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1928 No poema de Robert Frost, as palavras “fault” e “blame” revelam por parte do eu lírico uma

Pelas expressões do it yourself e How-Tos, entende-se que a pesquisa realizada na página da internet revela uma busca por

5 Ways Pets Can Improve Your Health A pet is certainly a great friend. After a difficult day, pet owners quite literally feel the love. In fact, for nearly 25 years, research has shown that living with pets provides certain health benefits. Pets help lower blood pressure and lessen anxiety. They boost our immunity. They can even help you get dates. Allergy Fighters: A growing umber of studies have suggested that kids growing up in a home with “furred animals” will have less risk of allergies and asthma. Date Magnets: Dogs are great for making love connections. Forget Internet matchmaking — a dog is a natural conversation starter. Dogs for the Aged: Walking a dog or just caring for a pet — for elderly people who are able — can provide exercise and companionship. Good for Mind and Soul: Like any enjoyable activity, playing with a dog can elevate levels of serotonin and dopamine — nerve transmitters that are known to have pleasurable and calming properties. Good for the Heart: Heart attack patients who have pets survive longer than those without, according to several studies.

DAVIS, J. L. Disponível em: www.webmd.com. Acesso em: 21 abr. 2013 (adaptado).

Ao discutir sobre a influência de animais de estimação no bem-estar do ser humano, a autora, a fim de fortalecer seus argumentos, utiliza palavras e expressões como research, a growing number of research e several studies com o objetivo de

If children live with criticism, they learn to condemn. If children live with fear, they learn to be apprehensive. If children live with pity, they learn to feel sorry for themselves. If children live with ridicule, they learn to feel shy. If children live with tolerance, they learn patience. If children live with praise, they learn appreciation. If children live with acceptance, they learn to love. If children live with approval, they learn to like themselves. If children live with recognition, they learn it is good to have a goal. If children live with sharing, they learn generosity. If children live with fairness, they learn justice. If children live with kindness and consideration, they learn respect. If children live with friendliness, they learn the world is a nice place in which to live. NOLTE, D. L. Disponível em: www.americanfamilytraditions.com. Acesso em: 30 jul. 2012.

Valores culturais de um povo revelam sua forma de ser, agir e pensar. Na concepção da autora, as diferentes formas de educar crianças nos Estados Unidos confirmam que as crianças

In this life Sitting on a park bench Thinking about a friend of mine He was only twenty-three Gone before he had his time. It came without a warning Didnꞌt want his friends to see him cry He knew the day was dawning And I didnꞌt have a chance to say goodbye. MADONNA. Erotica. Estados Unidos: Maverick, 1992. A canção, muitas vezes, é uma forma de manifestar sentimentos e emoções da vida cotidiana. Por exemplo, o sofrimento retratado nessa canção foi causado

O infográfico aborda a importância do inglês para os negócios. Nesse texto, as expressões but e yet only evidenciam

LETTER TO THE EDITOR: Sugar fear-mongering unhelpful By The Washington Times Tuesday, June 25, 2013 In his recent piece “Is obesity a disease?” (Web, June 19), Dr. Peter Lind refers to high-fructose corn syrup and other “manufactured sugars” as “poison” that will “guarantee storage of fat in the body.” Current scientific research strongly indicates that obesity results from excessive calorie intake combined with a sedentary lifestyle. The fact is Americans are consuming more total calories now than ever before. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, our total per-capita daily caloric intake increased by 22 percent from 2,076 calories per day in 1970 to 2,534 calories per day in 2010 — an additional 458 calories, only 34 of which come from increased added sugar intake. A vast majority of these calories come from increased fats and flour/ cereals. Surprisingly, the amount of caloric sweeteners (i.e. sugar, high-fructose, corn syrup, honey, etc.). Americans consume has actually decreased over the past decade. We need to continue to study the obesity epidemic to see what more can be done, but demonizing one specific ingredient accomplishes nothing and raises unnecessary fears that get in the way of real solutions. JAMES M. RIPPE Shrewsbury, Mass. Disponível em: www.washingtontimes.com. Acesso em: 29 jul. 2013 (adaptado). Ao abordar o assunto “obesidade”, em uma seção de jornal, o autor

Anyway You can spend your whole life building Something from nothin’ One storm can come and blow it all away Build it anyway

You can chase a dream that seems so out of reach And you know it might not ever come your way Dream it anyway [...] This world’s gone crazy and it’s hard to believe That tomorrow will be better than today Believe it anyway You can love someone with all your heart For all the right reasons In a moment they can choose to walk away Love ’em anyway McBRIDE, M. Disponível em: www.elyrics.net. Acesso em: 8 fev. 2013 (fragmento). Com base na palavra “anyway”, que é título da canção, entende-se que o fragmento

How On-line Gamers are Solving Science’s Biggest Problems On paper, gamers and scientists make a bizarre union. But in reality, their two worlds aren’t leagues apart: both involve solving problems within a given set of rules. Genetic analysis, for instance, is about finding sequences and patterns among seemingly random clusters of data. Frame the analysis as a pattern-spotting game that looks like Candy Crush, and, while aligning patterns and scoring points, players can also be hunting for mutations that cause cancer, Alzheimer’s disease or diabetes. “Our brains are geared up to recognise patterns”, says Erinma Ochu, a neuroscientist at the University of Manchester, explaining why scientists are turning to gamers for help, “and we do it better than computers. This is a new way of working for scientists, but as long as they learn how to trust game developers to do what they do best — make great games — then they can have thousands of people from all around the world working on their data”. Disponível em: www.theguardian.com. Acesso em: 8 fev. 2014 (adaptado). De acordo com a reportagem publicada no jornal The Guardian, os adeptos de jogos eletrônicos podem ajudar os cientistas por terem

A Guide to Harvard “A Cappella!” A cappella is such a big deal on all college campuses these days, I thought I’d write a post about what Harvard has to offer (spoiler alert: many incredibly talented groups)! There are so many groups that we have a cappella jams fairly often, and it’s always a good time to go hear the other groups perform. Some of my favorite memories are hanging out with my a cappella group members both on campus and around the country (and soon the world during our summer tour!). The Harvard a cappella community is absurdly diverse and talented – I think every Harvard student should take advantage of all we have on campus and go see a show! Disponível em: https://college.harvard.edu. Acesso em: 11 dez. 2017 (adaptado). A expressão “a cappella” caracteriza o ato de cantar sem o acompanhamento de instrumentos musicais. A expressão “big deal”, usada com relação a esse tema, indica que

What is it about Serena that inspires such vitriol? Is it that she dominates in a sport that was once considered to be for the upper crust at country clubs? One would think that Althea Gibson and Arthur Ashe had put that idea to rest decades ago. Is it that she is considered too aggressive on the court? John McEnroe and Boris Becker seem to take the prize for that. Is it because she wins too much? To hate someone merely because he or she is great only speaks to one’s own insecurity. To attempt to and fault with someone because you cannot figure out how or why they win so often only shows that you have already lost. Or is it that she is unapologetically black? A #CarefreeBlackGirl who speaks her mind, supports her people, and whose only real opponent is herself. Disponível em: https://theundefeated.com. Acesso em: 28 dez. 2018. O texto, que discorre sobre Serena Williams, uma das mais bem-sucedidas atletas do tênis, tem o objetivo de