Questões de Inglês — EBC 2011

Based on the text above, judge the items below. In the text, “left out” (L.30) is the same as given up.

Based on the text above, judge the items below. Public communication can be said to be a one-way route.

Based on the text above, judge the items below. The intention of the message varies according to the situations involved.

Based on the text above, judge the items below. Public communication should not be free of any prejudice as far as lexical choice, philosophies, ideologies, gender, race or religious beliefs are concerned.

Based on the text above, judge the items below. The range of public communication encompasses diverse situations.

Based on the text above, judge the items below. An outdoor advertising can be used to persuade people to purchase a product or service.

Based on the text above, judge the items below. The intention of a message from a public relations representative could be to clarify a public scandal.

Based on the text above, judge the items below. Communication is a complex procedure which involves interchanging messages.

In the sentence “They elected Prof. Palmer the head of that department for the second time.”, “the head of that department” is a direct object.

Judge the following item on translation and semiotics. All texts can be analysed from a semiotic perspective.

Judge the following items, which refer to text tipology. Texts can be classified in terms of their communicative intentions.

Each of the following items offers a suggestion for a translation into Portuguese of some excerpts of the text above. If the proposed translation is accurate and acceptable label the item C (certo). Otherwise, label it E (errado). “The typical sources of evidence for standard usage are literary texts, quality journalism, academic and professional writing, etc.” (L.6-8) — As fontes típicas que evidenciam o uso padrão são os textos literários, o jornalismo de qualidade, os escritos acadêmicos e profissionais etc.

Considering the text and the topics to which it refers, judge theitems below.

The word “assemble” (L.9) is synonymous with gather or put together.

Based on the text, judge the items from 111 to 120. “However” (L.21) can be correctly replaced by notwithstanding.

Considering the SONY TV ad above, it is correct to state that “cutting edge” (L.1) means different.

Based on the text, judge the items from 111 to 120. In the text, the expression “to put forward” (L.22) can be correctly replaced by define or establish.

Based on the text above, judge the following items. The media have been bringing about harmful effects to society.

Each of the following items offers a suggestion for a translation into Portuguese of some excerpts of the text above. If the proposed translation is accurate and acceptable, label the item C (certo). Otherwise, label it E (errado). “Stylistics is the description and analysis of the variability of linguistic forms in actual language use.”(L.1-2) — A Estilística consiste na descrição e análise das variações das formas linguísticas em uso corrente na língua.

In the fragment “ style may be regarded as a choice of linguistic means ” (L.10), regard means to consider or have an opinion about something or someone.

Considering linguistics aspects of English, judge the following items.

The following sentence presents a problem of “meaning”: “Emotion is running high at the moment, but that emotion must not be allowed to temper sensible judgement”.

In the sentence “The new gas stove in the kitchen which I bought last month has a very efficient oven.”, the subject is “The new gas stove in the kitchen”.

Considering translation and some of the notions it envolves, judge the following items. Context can be defined as extra-textual features which determine the translation of a linguistic expression or a whole text.

Based on the text, judge the items from 111 to 120. If the phrase “grapple with” (L.18-19) were to be replaced by deal with, come to grips with, or tackle, the general idea conveyed in the text would remain the same.

Based on the text above, judge the items below. The fragment “that must be taken on board” (L.1-2) can be correctly translated as que deve influenciar.

Judge the following items, which offer a suggestion for a translation into Portuguese of passages in English. Consider the following passage (adapted from Internet: www.pearsonlongman.com). The Mayan Indians lived in Mexico for thousands of years before the Spanish arrived in the 1500s. The Maya were an intelligent, culturally rich people whose achievements were many. They had farms, beautiful palaces, and cities with many buildings. The Mayan people knew a lot about nature and the world around them. This knowledge helped them to live a better life than most people of that time, because they could use it to make their lives more comfortable and rewarding. Knowledge about tools and farming, for instance, made their work easier and more productive. An appropriate and correct translation of this passage would be: Os índios maias viveram no México há milhares de anos, mesmo antes da chegada dos espanhóis em 1500. Os maias eram um povo inteligente, culturalmente rico, cujas conquistas foram muitas. Eles tinham fazendas, belos palácios e cidades com muitos edifícios. O povo maia sabia muito sobre a natureza e o mundo ao seu redor. Esse conhecimento os ajudou a viver uma vida melhor do que a maioria das pessoas daquele tempo, porque poderiam usá-lo para tornar suas vidas mais confortáveis e gratificantes. Conhecimento sobre ferramentas e agricultura, além disso, fizeram o seu trabalho mais fácil e mais produtivo.

Judge the following items, which refer to text tipology. Attempts at building text type based models for translation practice has proved controversial because text types often exhibit overlapping features.

In the fragment “ style may be regarded as a choice of linguistic means ” (L.10), regard is the same as to look carefully at something or someone.

Based on the text, judge the items from 111 to 120. In line 6, the verbal form “functions” has as its subject “homo sapiens”.

Considering the SONY TV ad above, it is correct to state that “indulge” (L.2) could be correctly translated as permitir-se.

In the sentence “She expected that he would be here before her arrival but he didn’t do so.”, “do so” refers to “be here before her arrival”.

Based on the text above, judge the items below. The word “rampant” (L.9) is the same as restrained.

Based on the text, judge the items from 111 to 120. An adequate and correct translation of the passage “akin in all peoples and at every stage of social evolution” (L.10-11) would be semelhantes em todos os povos e em todas as fases de evolução social.

Considering the text and the topics to which it refers, judge theitems below.

Context should be treated as a constraint or a set of restrictions on what one can or cannot achieve in translation.

Based on the text above, judge the following items. Virtual society can ultimately prevent people from getting together personally.

Each of the following items offers a suggestion for a translation into Portuguese of some excerpts of the text above. If the proposed translation is accurate and acceptable, label the item C (certo). Otherwise, label it E (errado). “With the caveat that such stylistic factors work simultaneously and influence each other, the effect of one, and only one, stylistic factor on language use provides a hypothetical one-dimensional variety.”(L.23-26) — Considerando a limitação de que os fatores linguísticos trabalham simultaneamente e se influenciam, o efeito de um, e de tão somente um, fator estilístico no uso da língua fornece uma variedade unidimensional hipotética.

Considering translation and some of the notions it envolves, judge the following items. Equivalence is a much debated term in translation studies for want of a widely accepted definition.

In the sentence “They give Anne a rather interesting book every single year.”, the verb give can be said to be a ditransitive verb.

Based on the text, judge the items from 111 to 120. The choice of language used in the second paragraph indicates the author’s certainty both about the existence of a large quantity of tongues spoken by humans and about the number of such languages.

Considering the text and the topics to which it refers, judge theitems below.

The notion of context has been extensively invoked and elaborated in the study of translation and interpreting.

Based on the text above, judge the following items. Virtual society has been regarded either as a moment of ideal perfection especially in social conditions, or as an imaginary situation in which everything in society is extremely bad.

Judge the following items based on the text above. The translation act can be described as the rephrasing of original verbal utterances.

Judge the following items based on the text above. The fragment “translational conundrums” (L.14-15) could be correctly and appropriately enigmas apresentados pelo texto original or as enigmas tradutórios.

In the text, the word “bias” (R.5) can be correctly understood as the expressing of an unquestionable preference towards a particular subject or thing, while rejecting others.

Based on the text, judge the items from 111 to 120. In the first paragraph the author emphasizes the biological similarities presented by human beings and claims that people are the same but for the different languages they speak.

Based on the text, judge the items from 111 to 120. The use of “runnels” in “the delicate runnels” (L.9) is connotative, for the primary meaning of runnel is a small stream or brook.

Based on the text, judge the following items. Language users set up which style to adopt regardless of the text to be presented.

Judge the following items, which refer to text tipology. The following text, adapted from the website www.bbc.co.uk can be said to be a descriptive text: “There is a surprising truth about how we all see the world. You may think a rose is red, the sky is blue and the grass is green, but it now seems that the colours you see may not always be the same as the colours I see. Your age, sex and even mood can affect how you experience colours”.

Considering translation and some of the notions it envolves, judge the following items. Acceptations which go beyond the primary meaning of a linguistic expression can be said to be connotative.

In the sentence “Seeing the large crowd, John stopped his car.”, “Seeing the large crowd” is an adverbial clause.

Judge the following items based on the text above. Translators are near-omniscient beings consciously selecting solutions to semiotic translational problems.

Considering translation and some of the notions it envolves, judge the following items. Translation should be understood as communication and the search for an exact equivalence between the languages involved in the process.

Each of the following items offers a suggestion for a translation into Portuguese of some excerpts of the text above. If the proposed translation is accurate and acceptable, label the item C (certo). Otherwise, label it E (errado). “Operating at all linguistic levels (e.g. lexicology, syntax, text linguistics, and intonation), stylisticians analyze both the style of specific texts and stylistic variation across texts.” (L.6-8) — Ao operar em todos os níveis linguísticos (i.e, nos níveis lexicológico, sintático, da linguística textual e entoação), os estudiosos do estilo analisam tanto os estilos de textos específicos como a variação linguística através de textos.

Based on the text above, judge the following items. Not only cultural theorists but also technophiles have quickly foreseen unimagined changes in our present-day orderly society.

In the text, the word “bias” (R.5) means often supporting or opposing a particular person or thing in an unfair way by allowing personal opinions to influence your judgment.

Based on the text above, judge the following items. The widespread use of a networked medium has not yet come to be under total control.

Based on the text above, judge the following items. Nowadays, many people, the world over, are regularly involved in text-based CMC activities.

Judge the following items, which refer to text tipology. In technical translation, the effect on the readers matters more than the actual words or the syntactic layout and the translator will probably follow an idiomatic or a free translation.

Considering translation and some of the notions it envolves, judge the following items. Formal correspondence is a concept which refers to the equivalence between the original text and the translated test in terms of register.

Considering the text and the topics to which it refers, judge theitems below.

Humans should always produce the initial draft translation instead of post-editing a raw machine translation.

Based on the text, judge the following items. Several factors are supposed to be considered whenever a choice of style is required.

Judge the following items based on the text above. In the text, the word “disparate” (L.2) is the same as distinct.

Each of the following items offers a suggestion for a translation into Portuguese of some excerpts of the text above. If the proposed translation is accurate and acceptable label the item C (certo). Otherwise, label it E (errado). “The term ‘standard grammar’ is most typically associated with written language, and is usually considered to be characteristic of the recurrent usage of adult, educated native speakers of a language.” (L.1-4) — O termo “gramática padrão” é tipicamente associado com a linguagem escrita e é geralmente considerado característico do uso repetitivo falado pelo nativo adulto educado de uma língua.

Considering linguistics aspects of English, judge the following items. There is an ambiguity in the following excerpt: “The British Government makes little effort to tap European Community Funds for training women because they discriminate against men, according to the Department of Employment”.

Judge the following items based on the text above. Inter-semiotic translation can be said to be a translation between two different communication systems.

Judge the following item on translation and semiotics. The relationships between the different signs of a specific language are unique. However, such relationships can be identically reproduced during the translation process depending on the skills of the translator.

Considering the text and the topics to which it refers, judge theitems below.

The word “rather” (L.25) can be correctly translated as da mesma forma.

Considering linguistics aspects of English, judge the following items. The sentence “The catching and eating of other animals is by no means the sole diet of a wild carnivore” is inaccurate and has defects which might easily be carried over into a translation.

Judge the following items, which offer a suggestion for a translation into Portuguese of passages in English. The passage “Sir Patrick Moore and his team of astronomers tell us what’s on view in the night sky. From comets to quasars, there is always something fascinating to discuss in the Universe.” can be correctly translated as Sir Patrick Moore e seu time de astrônomos nos dizem o que está em exibição no céu noturno. Tanto cometas quanto quasars sempre são algo fascinante para discutir sobre o Universo.

Based on the text, judge the items from 111 to 120. For the author, the act of translation is connected with philosophical issues which have a straightforward and easy explanation: “men speak different languages” (L.1-2).

Based on the text above, judge the following items. The number of people with access to the Internet has now decreased.

Judge the following items, which refer to text tipology. Argumentative texts are types of text in which a thesis is cited and then extensively defended.

Based on the text above, judge the following items. Two decades ago, CMC was not known by people other than those belonging to some elite government and academic research in the USA.

Based on the text above, judge the items below. The word “hence” (L.6) means also.

Each of the following items offers a suggestion for a translation into Portuguese of some excerpts of the text above. If the proposed translation is accurate and acceptable label the item C (certo). Otherwise, label it E (errado). “Standard spoken English grammar will therefore be different from standard written English grammar in many respects if we consider ‘standard’ to be a description of the recurrent spoken usage of adult native speakers.” (L.16-19) — O padrão gramatical da língua inglesa oral será, no entanto, diferente do padrão escrito da gramática inglesa em muitos aspectos, se considerarmos como “padrão” a descrição do uso repetido da língua oral por falantes nativos adultos.

Considering translation and some of the notions it envolves, judge the following items. Concerning translation, faithfulness and adequacy can be used interchangeably as they both refer to the same translation strategy.

In the sentence “Bernard is now the best student at that college.”, “the best student” is a direct object.

Each of the following items offers a suggestion for a translation into Portuguese of some excerpts of the text above. If the proposed translation is accurate and acceptable, label the item C (certo). Otherwise, label it E (errado). “The concepts of ‘style’ and ‘stylistic variation’ in language rest on the general assumption that within the language system, the same content can be encoded in more than one linguistic form.” (L.2-5) — Os conceitos de “estilo” e de “variação linguística” residem na hipótese geral de que, dentro de um sistema linguístico, o mesmo conteúdo pode ser decodificado em mais de uma forma linguística.